Abstract:

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a widely used type II pyrethroid pesticide employed in agricultural pest control. Although effective against pests, concerns have been raised regarding its potential toxicity to mammals following chronic exposure. This study evaluated the hematological effects of graded concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in Wistar rats.
Twenty-four healthy Wistar rats weighing 160–185 g was randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6). Three experimental groups received diets containing 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% lambda-cyhalothrin respectively for six weeks, while the control group received pesticide-free feed. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell indices, white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were analysed.
Results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in hemoglobin levels and alterations in red blood cell indices in treated groups compared with controls. No statistically significant changes were observed in total white blood cell counts, platelet counts, or neutrophil levels. However, lymphocyte counts differed significantly (p < 0.05) from those of the control group. These findings demonstrate that dietary exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin can induce hematological disturbances in Wistar rats, suggesting potential toxicological risks associated with prolonged exposure. The study highlights the need for stricter monitoring of pesticide exposure to protect animal and human health.