Review Article

De novo genes in the human genome: Origin, roles, and evolution a CNS perspective

Review Article / By

1.0. Introduction: There are numerous striking instances of functional novelty linked to phenotypes that have changed from their ancestral states, making it difficult to determine the evolutionary origins of the derived features. The development of wing patterns in Drosophila, the formation of feathers in birds, and the origin of the vertebrate inner ear, which was …

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Development of Polypropylene Plastic Wastes into Emulsion Paint Binder for Water-Resistant Emulsion Paint Formulation

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1. INTRODUCTION Plastics have become indispensable in modern society, serving a multitude of purposes from agriculture to packaging [1]. However, the rampant accumulation of plastic waste globally has triggered significant environmental concerns [2]. Plastic waste not only blights landscapes but also infiltrates water bodies and oceans, with an estimated 1.1 to 8.8 million tonnes entering …

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The Impact of Exercise on Cognitive Function: A Comprehensive Review

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Introduction Cognitive health has become an increasingly relevant concern as societies face escalating academic, occupational, and aging-related demands on mental function.  Research continuously reveals that cognitive skills such as attention, memory, and executive control are crucial for learning, decision-making, and general quality of life [1, 2].  At the same time, worldwide trends reveal a growing …

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The Influence of School and Social Factors and Social Media Use on Mental Health Literacy and Help-Seeking Behaviors among Thai Adolescents

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1. Introduction Adolescence represents a formative developmental stage marked by profound emotional, psychological, and social transitions. During this period, individuals undergo rapid changes in self-concept, peer relationships, and academic demands, which may heighten susceptibility to psychological stress and mental health difficulties [3]. At a global level, common mental health conditions such as anxiety and depressive …

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Human Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Sources, Health Effects, and Biomonitoring Strategies

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1. Introduction Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous agents that interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system by altering hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism, receptor binding, or signal transduction. These compounds include a broad range of synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals that humans encounter in everyday life. Growing evidence that EDCs can have biological …

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Stress and Breastfeeding: Implication for Maternal and Infant Health

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Introduction Breastfeeding is a critical phase for both the mother and infant. This period often presents numerous physiological and psychological challenges that are predominantly stress related. Postpartum stress and anxiety can stem from various factors, including hormonal changes, the demands of caring for a newborn, and adjustments to new family dynamics7. These psychological conditions not …

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Transposons Activity in Microbial Genomes

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Introduction  Mobile Genetic Elements in Microorganisms  Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons, introns, integrins, plasmids, and insertion sequences are broadly distributed throughout bacterial and fungal genomes (1). Transposable elements (TEs), commonly referred to as transposons, are especially remarkable because of their capacity to shift positions within genomes, thereby fostering genetic variation and adaptation. Transposable …

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Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Heat Exchangers: A Review of Design and Simulation Approaches

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Introduction Throughout the power generating, petrochemical, food processing, HVAC, and transportation sectors, heat exchangers are essential parts that support energy conversion, process heating/cooling, and thermal management [1].  They are essential to decarbonization and resource-efficiency initiatives due to their combined effect on system efficiency and operating costs. The strategic importance of heat-exchange technology has been increased …

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Resilience and Sustainability in Urban Infrastructure

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Introduction Urbanization is reshaping demographic and infrastructure dynamics on a global scale. The United Nations (2022) projects that nearly 68% of the world’s population will reside in cities by 2050, translating to over two billion additional urban residents. This rapid growth has positioned cities as central engines of economic development while simultaneously creating pressure on …

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Sustainable Catalysis: A Review of Green Catalysts and Their Applications

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Introduction The design and use of catalysts in chemical processes to maximise resource efficiency and minimise environmental impact is known as sustainable catalysis.  At the core of green chemistry, it seeks to substitute cleaner methods for traditional, high-energy, wasteful processes [1, 2].  While conventional catalysis frequently uses hazardous heavy metals and produces a lot of …

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