Abstract:

In nature, Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was believed to regulate RNA metabolism, function and modulate cellular processes of life. Recent advancements in Genomics and disease pathology have given insight on the aberrant modifications in RNA causing diseases in Humans such as autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that the structure, folding and regulatory roles of RNA are also important. Cis elements within the RNA and trans binding factors have several functional and regulatory roles. The regulatory elements such as miRNA, lncRNA, viral genomic RNA have potential downstream effects on RNA functions. The present review is to update the current knowledge of RNA regulation with its cis and trans elements. With background to the topic and types of cis elements, the second chapter in details describes the regulation of RNA through several mechanisms. Using example of drosophila, the coordinated regulation is described to highlight the mechanism and elements involved. Aberrant RNA structures in human diseases are described in the subsequent chapter. Finally, the therapeutic potential is discussed. The review thus highlights the architecture of RNA and its role in gene regulation and disease. The recent advancements in computational biology and drug discovery have highlighted the importance of the diverse structure and dynamics of RNA