Abstract:

The construction industry is a significant contributor to environmental degradation, consuming vast resources and generating substantial waste. Sustainable materials in civil engineering can mitigate this impact. This review explores the use of recycled and recyclable materials in construction, highlighting benefits and challenges. Materials like recycled concrete aggregate, fly ash, and reclaimed wood are gaining traction, offering potential for reduced waste and conserved natural resources. Research shows recycled materials like crushed concrete and fly ash can replace traditional aggregates, reducing landfill waste and CO2 emissions. Recycled asphalt pavement and demolition waste are also viable alternatives. Challenges include ensuring consistent quality and public acceptance. Recyclable materials like steel and glass are widely adopted, while bio-based materials like bamboo and hemp show promise. Case studies demonstrate economic and environmental benefits, but standardisation and policy support are needed for widespread adoption. Effective recycling technologies and design approaches can further enhance sustainability in civil engineering. Sustainable materials offer significant environmental and economic benefits in civil engineering. Widespread adoption requires overcoming technical and societal barriers. Policy support, standardisation, and innovation are key to a more sustainable construction industry.