Abstract:

The increasing global concern over environmental pollution caused by industrial effluents has driven the search for sustainable and eco-friendly materials for pollutant removal. Lignin, a naturally abundant biopolymer, has emerged as a promising candidate for the development of adsorbents due to its renewable nature, low cost, and functional groups that facilitate pollutant binding. Recent advancements in the green modification of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have significantly enhanced their adsorption capacity for various pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds. Green modification of LNPs enhances adsorption efficiency by introducing functional groups and improving compatibility with various pollutants. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the green modification of lignin nanoparticles and their potential for industrial effluent treatment, highlighting their application in pollutant adsorption, and the mechanisms involved. The environmental benefits, challenges and future perspectives of using green modified LNPs for industrial effluent treatment are also discussed.