Abstract

Fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as important engineering materials due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, design flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes have enabled their widespread adoption across numerous industries, including construction, transportation, aerospace, marine, energy, and consumer manufacturing. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the composition, manufacturing processes, mechanical properties, and practical applications of fiberglass FRP composites. The roles of glass fibers, polymer matrices, and interfacial bonding in determining composite performance are examined, together with commonly used fabrication techniques and material classifications. Particular attention is given to key mechanical characteristics, including tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, and fatigue properties, as well as the factors influencing their performance under service conditions. The review further evaluates the long-term reliability of fiberglass composites by discussing the effects of environmental exposure, such as moisture absorption, temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical degradation. Major engineering applications are highlighted to demonstrate the versatility of these materials in lightweight structural and non-structural components. In addition, current challenges associated with durability, recyclability, and sustainability are critically discussed alongside emerging developments aimed at improving performance and environmental compatibility. The findings indicate that fiberglass FRP composites continue to offer significant advantages over conventional materials, while ongoing advances in material design, processing technologies, and sustainable manufacturing are expected to further expand their application potential in modern engineering systems.