Cervical cancer is one of the primary causes of female death, with a mortality rate in developing areas surpassing 200,000 per year. Despite a decrease in cervical cancer cases in affluent countries over the last decade, the prevalence in developing countries continues to climb at an alarming rate. The rise in cervical cancer incidence is ascribed to a lack of financial resources and the disease’s inherent risk factors. Reduced drug potency, non-specificity, undesirable side effects, and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) limit traditional anticancer therapy, resulting in a decline in long-term anticancer therapeutic efficacy. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer therapies has spawned a new field of study known as cancer nanomedicine. NPs, in contrast to standard anti-cancer medications, take a targeted strategy that avoids side effects. We discussed the role of gold and silver NPs (AgNPs) in cancer nanomedicine in this communication. Bionanotechnology has played a critical role in creating a novel medicine, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), for cancer treatment. In this study, we discovered that photosynthesized Catharanthus roseus (CR) AuNPs trigger mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signalling pathways via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cytotoxicity in the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) using an in vitro model. Silver nanoparticles have a significant role in current nanotechnology. Their antibacterial properties have also been thoroughly reported. Green nanoparticle production has various advantages over chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles mediated by Thuja occidentalis leaf extract were produced without needing a stabilising agent and examined for anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles mediated by Thuja occidentalis leaf extract were generated in ambient conditions. They showed a narrow size distribution within the range of 10–15 nm, with an average particle size of 12.7 nm. At concentrations of 6.25–50 g/mL, these nanoparticles showed anti-cancer efficacy against human breast (MCF 7, MDA MB 231), cervical cancer (HeLa), and mouth epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell lines.